Healthier Scotland. Scottish Government

Bacterial Vaginosis

Causes of bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis can be caused by using perfumed bubble bath or soap, vaginal deodorants, a strong detergent for washing clothes, towels and underwear, or smoking. The exact cause is, however, unknown.

Having sex can cause bacterial vaginosis to develop because the semen may alter the acid level inside the vagina. This can help the bacteria to multiply and cause symptoms.

Men can’t catch bacterial vaginosis.

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Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

Often there are no symptoms of bacterial vaginosis, but some women may notice a change in the normal discharge from the vagina.

This discharge will usually be grey and have a fishy smell, which can be more noticeable during and after sex, and during periods.

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Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

If you are worried that you may have bacterial vaginosis, visit your local GP surgery, pharmacy, or sexual health service. Sexual health services are completely confidential, and you can go to them without having to see your GP first.

You don’t always need to have a test before getting treated as you can get this from your pharmacist. If you do go to your GP or sexual health service, the nurse or doctor may use a swab to collect a sample of the discharge from your vagina.

A swab looks a bit like a cotton bud and collecting a sample only takes a few minutes. Although not painful, it may be a little uncomfortable for a moment.

Usually a diagnosis can be made straightaway because of the distinctive appearance of the discharge, and treatment can be started immediately.

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Treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis treatment is usually simple. There are a number of different types of antibiotics available – discuss these with your doctor or nurse to find out which would best suit you. A cream to use in the vagina may also be given.

Some creams that are used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis can weaken latex condoms, contraceptive diaphragms and caps. Antibiotics used to treat vaginal infections may also interact with the oral contraceptive pill and the contraceptive patch.

Tell your doctor or nurse what contraception you are using, and ask for advice about other forms of contraception that may be available and suitable for you to use when you are being treated.

Always tell the doctor or nurse if you are pregnant or think you might be, or if you are breastfeeding. This may also affect the type of treatment you are given.

Female partners do not usually need treatment unless they also have symptoms.

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